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数据：在过去的25年里，美国的癌症死亡率下降了约27%。_我的网站

A |     CARACAS, Venezuela -- Early returns in the Venezuelan opposition's presidential primary gave a big lead to former legislator Maria Corina Machado early Monday, and she quickly claimed victory as the voters' choice to lead the campaign to end the decade-long, crisis-ridden presidency of Nicolás Maduro. The independent National Primary Commission, which organized the primary, did not release any results until long after polling stations closed Sunday, blaming internet censorship. The organizers said that in the first 601,110 ballots counted, about 93% picked Machado, who had entered the vote as a strong front-runner. The rest of the votes were scattered among the other nine candidates. There was no indication of how many people cast ballots in all, and organizers were expected to release additional results throughout Monday.“Today, very powerful forces have been unleashed," Machado told supporters gathered outside her campaign headquarters in the capital, Caracas. “Today, we have shown ourselves what we are capable of doing in the face of all the obstacles, in the face of all the abuses.”Holding Venezuela’s first presidential primary since 2012 required the deeply fractured opposition to work together. Venezuelans, in turn, showed up at voting centers in and outside of their homeland to make it count, enthusiastically lining up for hours despite scorching sun and torrential rain.Still, what they saw as a monumental exercise in democracy could still prove futile, if Maduro’s government wishes.While the administration agreed in principle to let the opposition choose its candidate for the 2024 presidential election, it also has already barred Machado from running for office. Maduro’s government has in the past bent the law, retaliated against opponents and breached agreements as it sees fit.Hundreds of people gathered at voting centers in neighborhoods across Caracas even before polls opened. They stayed in line despite a rainstorm that left them soaking wet. They carried umbrellas, folding stools and coffee to ease the expected waits, and leaned against buildings or stood under marquees to try to avoid the rain. Caracas resident Stephanie Aguilar, 34, cried while she waited to vote. She described the primary as the only “salvation” for her country, her daughter and son, and the millions of Venezuelans who decided they had to emigrate due to the nation’s economic and political turmoil. “We want a better country, a free country, for my children ... who have grown up in this government,” Aguilar, a housewife, said as she wiped tears from her face. “They ask, ‘Mom, can we go out to eat?’ No, there is no money. ‘Mom, can we do this thing?’ No, there is no money. It is unfortunate that a society grows up under those conditions.”Venezuelans typically vote at public schools, but the independent commission that oversaw the primary opted to use homes, churches, private schools and other facilities after electoral authorities did not respond to requests for help in a timely manner.Jesús María Casal, head of the National Primary Commission, blamed the hours-long delay in issuing election results on internet restrictions. “Once we began the process of counting the results ... we detected that our server that functioned as a transmission channel was blocked, which prevents us from completing this process as scheduled,” he said.The London-based internet monitoring firm NetBlocks tweeted metrics showing “a disruption to internet connectivity in #Venezuela with high impact to Caracas." It added that a state-owned internet service provider claimed “an issue with its energy backup system.”David Smilde, an expert on Venezuelan politics at Tulane University, said the primary was a “significant achievement” for several reasons, including forcing political leaders and parties within the opposition “to reach out and speak to the people.”“And it has generated considerable enthusiasm and mobilization in a population that has been skeptical of the opposition leadership of late,” he said.Machado, a proponent of free-market economic policies, is a longtime critic of the governing United Socialist Party of Venezuela. She maintained a somewhat low profile for years but dominated the primary campaign by connecting with the same voters she consistently urged to boycott previous elections.The presidential election is expected to be scheduled for the second half of 2024. Maduro is looking to extend his presidency until 2030, which would surpass the time that Hugo Chávez, his mentor, governed and established his self-described socialist policies.Maduro’s allies ridiculed and dismissed the primary all year. Still, both the government and its opponents used the contest as a bargaining chip to extract concessions from each other as part of a negotiation process meant to end the country’s complex social, economic and political crisis. Maduro and an opposition faction backed by the U.S. government last week agreed to work together on basic conditions for the presidential contest. That prompted the government to release six political prisoners and the Biden administration to lift key economic sanctions. As part of the agreement, Maduro’s administration and the opposition are supposed to “recognize and respect the right of each political actor to select” a presidential candidate freely.If organizers declare Machado the primary's winner, the focus will shift to Maduro to see if the government reverses its ban on her seeking public office. In June, the government issued an administrative decision prohibiting Machado from running, alleging fraud and tax violations and accusing her of seeking the economic sanctions the U.S. imposed on Venezuela in the last decade. The U.S., holding up the threat of renewed sanctions, has given Venezuela until the end of November to establish a process for reinstating all candidates expeditiously.A U.N.-backed panel investigating human rights abuses in Venezuela said last month that Maduro’s government has intensified efforts to curtail democratic freedoms ahead of the 2024 election. That includes subjecting some politicians and other opponents to detention, surveillance, threats, defamatory campaigns and arbitrary criminal proceedings.All registered voters in Venezuela were allowed to participate in the primary, as well as tens of thousands living in several other countries.“This is unprecedented,” said a smiling María de los Ángeles León, 31, the coordinator of Mexico City’s voting site. “People know that we have no guarantees that the winner of this election will be able to advance to the presidential election, but we keep trying.”___Associated Press writer María Verza in Mexico City contributed to this report.。北京时间1月14日，据外媒报道，抗癌斗争达到了一个新的里程碑：美国的癌症死亡率已经下降了25年。根据美国癌症协会（ASC）的数据，从1991年到2016年，美国的癌症死亡率一直在稳步下降，年增长率约为1.5%，25年来累计下降了27%。研究人员说，这相当于减少了约260万癌症死亡人数。然而，尽管取得了这一进展，不同社会经济地位之间癌症死亡率的差异也在增加。

B | 报告指出，癌症对更经济弱势群体的压力正在增加。

C | 尽管癌症死亡率总体下降是个好消息，“坏消息是，报告强调了社会不平等的加剧，尤其是在社会经济地位较低的群体中。”俄亥俄州立大学综合癌症中心癌症健康平等中心副主任达雷尔·格雷二世博士说。没有参与这项研究的达雷尔·格雷二世说：“这强调了卫生服务提供者、研究人员和公众的重要性，以及继续促进健康平等的重要性。”在1月8日发表的年度报告中，美国癌症协会分析了癌症发病率、死亡率的最新数据。以及在美国的生存。2016年，每10万人中有156人死于癌症，而1991年为215人。

D | 报告指出，25年来癌症死亡率一直在下降，主要是由于吸烟者人数的减少（吸烟会增加患多种癌症的风险，特别是肺癌），以及早期检测和癌症治疗技术的进步。例如，1990年至2016年男性肺癌死亡率下降了48%，2002年至2016年女性肺癌死亡率下降了23%。1989-2016年女性乳腺癌死亡率下降40%，1993-2016年男性前列腺癌死亡率下降51%，1970-2016年男性和女性结直肠癌死亡率下降53%。然而，近年来，其他几种癌症的死亡率一直在上升，如子宫内膜癌（2012-2016年增长2.1%）和男性胰腺癌（同期每年增长0.3%）。2012年至2016年，肝细胞癌死亡率男性增加1.2%，女性增加2.6%。

E | 格雷指出，尽管乳腺癌和结肠癌等癌症可以通过相关体征进行筛查，但胰腺癌和膀胱癌缺乏此类筛查的基础。”格雷说：“我们正在根据指导方针制定筛查方案，但与此同时，这些癌症的死亡率可能会继续上升。”社会经济差异研究还发现，不同种族之间癌症死亡率的差异正在缩小，但不同社会经济地位之间的差异继续增加。

F | 例如，美国较贫困地区的妇女死于宫颈癌的人数是美国较富裕地区妇女的两倍。贫困地区男性肺癌和肝癌的死亡率也比富裕地区高40%以上。为了解决这一差距，还需要作出更多努力。”报告总结说，这些贫困地区非常适合地方重点癌症控制倡议，例如改善获得基本医疗服务的机会、加强戒烟干预、促进健康生活方式和开展癌症筛查活动等。

G | 格雷同意这一观点，并指出社会经济地位较低的患者在预防癌症方面可能面临许多障碍，例如不能抽出时间去看医生或买健康食品。”这些都很重要。我们必须帮助人们解决这些问题。”格雷说。

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Published on:18:47:08